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| A moment of silence for Ms. Gu’s death at Docklands, Victoria, Australia |
Despite constitutional guarantees of religious freedom in South Korea, allegations of coercive conversion and human rights violations continue to emerge in 2026. Concerns involving family pressure, alleged unlawful confinement and external conversion counsellors, particularly in cases involving Shincheonji Church of Jesus members, have also reached international human rights forums.
◆ Coercive Conversion Raised at the UN
The European Council for Freedom of Conscience (CAP-LC), an NGO holding special consultative status with the UN Economic and Social Council, raised concerns about coercive conversion in South Korea through submissions to the UN Human Rights Council in 2019 and 2022.
Its statements cited the deaths of Sun-hwa Kim (2007) and Ji-in Gu (2018), urging the Korean government to investigate and protect religious minorities. CAP-LC also called for effective measures to prevent and punish religiously motivated crimes.
Although these were NGO submissions rather than official UN findings or resolutions, they brought concerns about religious freedom in Korea into international discussions.
◆ 55 Cases Reported This Year
Dr Massimo Introvigne, an Italian sociologist of religion and director of the Centre for Studies on New Religions (CESNUR), has highlighted human rights concerns affecting religious minorities in Korea.
At a 7th August press conference at the Seoul Foreign Correspondents’ Club, attended by international organisations including Human Rights Without Frontiers (HRWF), CAP-LC and CESNUR, he addressed religious hostility and institutional discrimination.
According to his analysis published in Bitter Winter, human rights activists had documented 2205 alleged coercive conversion cases involving Shincheonji members between 2003 and October 15 of the reporting year.
The latest figures included 55 cases in 2026, of which 42 involved women and 17 included allegations of physical confinement. Restrictions on external communication and verbal abuse were each reported in 52 cases.
These figures are independently compiled by human rights activists and are not verified government crime statistics. Nevertheless, the continued reports highlight the need for effective victim protection.
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| View of the 41st session of the UN Council on Human Rights held at the UN Headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, on 3rd July 2019 |
◆ Family Pressure and Broken Trust
A person in their 20s, identified as A, alleged that family members pressured them to abandon their Shincheonji faith after contacting officials at a religious counselling centre.
A said they were repeatedly asked to watch videos criticising the church, sign a withdrawal declaration and attend further conversion sessions.
“I simply chose my religion, but my family placed greater trust in the counselling centre than in me. I was even told that we could no longer live together unless I signed a declaration withdrawing my faith,” A said.
◆ US and Japanese Courts Address Unlawful Confinement
Legal precedents in the United States and Japan have addressed unlawful confinement linked to religious conversion.
In Eilers v. Coy (1984), a US federal court recognised the unlawful confinement of an adult believer. In Japan, the Tokyo High Court recognised liability in the Toru Goto confinement case in 2014, with the Supreme Court upholding the relevant judgment in 2015.
South Korea also criminalises unlawful confinement and coercion. However, concerns remain about investigating alleged involvement by family members and external counsellors.
◆ World Solidarity for Religious Freedom and Human Rights: “National Human Rights Commission Must Step In”
The World Solidarity for Religious Freedom and Human Rights (WSH), which has raised concerns about religious minorities in Korea, is calling on the National Human Rights Commission of Korea to investigate allegations of coercive conversion and strengthen institutional protections.
Article 19 of the National Human Rights Commission Act authorises the Commission to investigate human rights conditions and recommend policy and institutional improvements.
“With appeals for help continuing this year, the extent and circumstances of the alleged violations must be established through an independent and objective investigation,” the WSH official said.
The official stressed that an adult's right to religious self-determination must be respected, adding that forced conversion should not be dismissed as a private family matter. Allegations of pressure, confinement and threats involving external counselling officials should also be thoroughly investigated.
“Protecting the religious freedom of minorities is not about favouring any particular religion; it is about upholding the fundamental rights guaranteed to every citizen by the Constitution,” the official emphasised.
The official also warned that political rhetoric stigmatising particular religious groups could deepen prejudice and discrimination, urging the Commission to recommend measures that safeguard religious freedom and the constitutional separation of religion and state.
The official concluded: “Victims' appeals' must no longer go unheard. The National Human Rights Commission and relevant authorities must take concrete action to ensure that the constitutional guarantee of religious freedom is upheld in people's everyday lives.”
Source: vo.la/NI5ItAL































